EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a non-volatile memory technology used to store data that needs to be preserved even when power is lost. Unlike regular RAM, EEPROM allows individual bits or bytes of data to be electrically erased and reprogrammed without removing the chip from the circuit. This makes it ideal for applications where data must be updated frequently, such as in microcontrollers, smartcards, and system configurations. EEPROM is widely used for storing firmware, settings, and calibration data. Its ability to retain data without a power source ensures reliability and flexibility in various electronic devices.