V/F (Voltage-to-Frequency) and F/V (Frequency-to-Voltage) converters are electronic devices that convert between voltage and frequency. A V/F converter transforms an input voltage into a corresponding frequency output, while a F/V converter does the opposite by converting an input frequency into a proportional voltage. These converters are used in a variety of applications where signals need to be transmitted or processed in a frequency format, such as in signal measurement, sensor interfacing, and communication systems. They are particularly valuable for applications that require precise, linear, and noise-resistant signal conversion.